The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Despite major advances in a variety of neuroscientific research fields, the majority of
neurodegenerative and neurological diseases are poorly controlled by currently available …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairment, neurochemically by
accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (namely Aβ1-42) and morphologically by an initial loss of …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

Caffeine is the most consumed pychostimulant in the world, and it is known to affect basic
and fundamental human processes such as sleep, arousal, cognition and learning and …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Several selective antagonists for adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are currently under
evaluation in clinical trials (phases I to III) to treat Parkinson's disease, and they will probably …

J. Neurochem.(2011) 117, 100–111. Abstract The blockade of adenosine A2A receptors
(A2AR) affords a robust neuroprotection in different noxious brain conditions. However, the …

This review summarizes recent developments that have contributed to understand how
adenosine receptors, particularly A2A receptors, modulate brain injury in various animal …

Adenosine is an endogenous ubiquitous purine nucleoside, which is increased by hypoxia,
ischaemia and tissue damage and mediates a number of physiopathological effects by …