Dynamic difficulty adjustment approaches in video games: a systematic literature review

F Mortazavi, H Moradi, AH Vahabie - Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2024 - Springer
Providing an appropriate difficulty level in a game is critical for keeping players engaged.
Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) is a common approach for optimizing player …

Encoding feature set information in heterogeneous graph neural networks for game provenance

S Melo, LF Bicalho, L Camacho de Oliveira Joia… - Applied …, 2023 - Springer
Game Provenance has been proposed and employed for Game Analytics tasks as they
capture game session data in detail and allow exploratory analysis and visualizations …

On video game balancing: Joining player-and data-driven analytics

J Pfau, M Seif El-Nasr - ACM Games: Research and Practice, 2024 - dl.acm.org
Balancing is, especially among players, a highly debated topic of video games. Whether a
game is sufficiently balanced greatly influences its reception, player satisfaction, churn rates …

Improved game units balancing in game design through combinatorial optimization

W Wang, R Zhang - 2021 IEEE International Conference on e …, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Game balancing is an essential part of game design, and it plays a vital role as the
balancing results directly affect the players' experiences. At present, there is no well …

A Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment Algorithm With Generic Player Behavior Classification Unity Plugin In Single Player Games

LF Bicalho, A Baffa, B Feijó - … of the 22nd Brazilian Symposium on …, 2023 - dl.acm.org
With the game market growing year by year, game developers find themselves in an
extremely competitive scenario. To draw players attention towards their game and to engage …

Extending a MAPE-K loop-based framework for Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in single-player games

CHR Souza, SS de Oliveira, LO Berretta… - Entertainment …, 2025 - Elsevier
Abstract Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) has emerged as a notable solution to address
the demand for adaptive gameplay in digital games. However, the DDA domain presents …

Applying hidden Markov model for dynamic game balancing

M Zamith, JR da Silva Junior… - 2020 19th Brazilian …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In Artificial Intelligence (AI) field, Machine Learning (ML) techniques present an interesting
approach for games, where it allows some sort of adaptation along the game session. This …

DDA-MAPEKit: A Framework for Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment Based on MAPE-K Loop

CHR Souza, SS De Oliveira, LO Berretta… - Proceedings of the …, 2023 - dl.acm.org
Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) has emerged as a prominent solution to address the
demand for adaptive gameplay in digital games. However, various research challenges …

Parameter adaptive system to learning processes for emerging serious games using cultural algorithms

J Aguilar, F Díaz, J Altamiranda… - … of Knowledge-Based …, 2024 - journals.sagepub.com
One<? show [AQ ID= GQ4 POS= 12pt]?><? show [AQ ID= GQ6 POS= 24pt]?> of the general
problems of serious games is their poor ability to adapt to players while they play. One …

Identifying and Clustering Counter Relationships of Team Compositions in PvP Games for Efficient Balance Analysis

CC Lin, YW Shih, KT Kuo, YC Chen, CH Chen… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
How can balance be quantified in game settings? This question is crucial for game
designers, especially in player-versus-player (PvP) games, where analyzing the strength …