Background: Fourteen clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of combination
therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3). Despite the publication of these …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

The deiodinase family of enzymes mediates the activation and inactivation of thyroid
hormone. The role of these enzymes in the regulation of the systemic concentrations of …

Background: Approximately 15% more patients taking levothyroxine (LT4) report impaired
quality of life compared to controls. This could be explained by additional diagnoses …

Background: Data suggest symptoms of hypothyroidism persist in 5–10% of levothyroxine (L-
T4)-treated hypothyroid patients with normal serum thyrotrophin (TSH). The use of L-T4+ …

Thyroid hormones have long been known to have a range of effects on the cardiovascular
system. However, significant knowledge gaps exist concerning the precise molecular and …

Thyroid hormone deficiency can have important repercussions. Treatment with thyroid
hormone in replacement doses is essential in patients with hypothyroidism. In this review …

Objective Dissatisfaction with treatment and impaired quality of life (QOL) are reported
among people with treated hypothyroidism. We aimed to gain insight into this. Design and …

Common symptoms of overt hypothyroidism are non-specific and include fatigue, lethargy,
and dry skin. Although the diagnosis is considered to be straightforward, no single symptom …