Solar activity has a cyclic nature with the≈ 11-year Schwabe cycle dominating its variability
on the interannual timescale. However, solar cycles are significantly modulated in length …

We report progress on the ongoing recalibration of the Wolf sunspot number (SN) and group-
sunspot number (GN) following the release of version 2.0 of SN in 2015. This report …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Aims. The 11-year solar cycle (Schwabe cycle) is the dominant pattern of solar magnetic
activity reflecting the oscillatory dynamo mechanism in the Sun's convection zone. Solar …

A statistical analysis was applied to Northern Hemisphere land surface temperatures (1850–
2018) to try to identify the main drivers of the observed warming since the mid-19th century …

The Sun is the main energy source to Earth, and understanding its variability is of direct
relevance to climate studies. Measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) exist since 1978 …

This paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a
hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models …

A review of solar cycle prediction methods and their performance is given, including early
forecasts for Cycle 25. The review focuses on those aspects of the solar cycle prediction …

The solar cycle periodically reshapes the magnetic structure and radiative output of the Sun
and determines its impact on the heliosphere roughly every 11 years. Besides this main …

Reconstructions of the global mean annual temperature evolution during the Holocene yield
conflicting results. One temperature reconstruction shows global cooling during the late …