Skin aging is one of the most evident signs of human aging. Modification of the skin during
the life span is characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss of elasticity and volume, laxity …

Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a
variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe …

T cell–mediated immunotherapies are promising cancer treatments. However, most patients
still fail to respond to these therapies. The molecular determinants of immune resistance are …

Abstract'Cellular senescence', a term originally defining the characteristics of cultured cells
that exceed their replicative limit, has been broadened to describe durable states of …

Cellular senescence has historically been viewed as an irreversible cell-cycle arrest
mechanism that acts to protect against cancer, but recent discoveries have extended its …

Cellular senescence occurs in proliferating cells as a consequence of various triggers
including telomere shortening, DNA damage, and inappropriate expression of oncogenes …

We characterized the mutational landscape of melanoma, the form of skin cancer with the
highest mortality rate, by sequencing the exomes of 147 melanomas. Sun-exposed …

Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active,
thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of …

Approximately 33% of melanomas are derived directly from benign, melanocytic nevi.
Despite this, the vast majority of melanocytic nevi, which typically form as a result of BRAF …