Studies investigating the influence of the learner's focus of attention, induced by instructions
or feedback, on motor skill learning are reviewed. In general, directing performers' attention …

Acting in the environment results in both intended and unintended consequences. Action
consequences provide feedback about the adequacy of actions while they are in progress …

“This tenth edition of Motor Control and Learning extends and updates the major revisions in
the previous edition. The many changes in that edition included new chapters, restructured …

Motor Control and Learning, Sixth Edition With Web Resource, focuses on observable
movement behavior, the many factors that influence quality of movement, and how …

Wulf and colleagues (eg,) have demonstrated that the adoption of an external focus of
attention is preferable for the learning of complex motor tasks. The present investigation …

This study was designed to examine whether participants who could control the schedule of
performance feedback (KP) would learn differentially from those who received a rigid …

In this study, we examined the influence of internal and external attention instructions on the
performance of a pitch shot by golfers who were either highly skilled (mean handicap= 4) or …

Quiet eye training expedites skill learning and facilitates anxiety‐resistant performance.
Changes in response programming and external focus of attention may explain such …

Experiment 1 examined whether it is more advantageous to direct learners' attention to the
external effects of their movements relative to other external cues. Two groups of participants …

Recent research on mental representation of complex action has revealed distinct
differences in the structure of representational frameworks between experts and novices …