Importance Craving, which is a strong desire for drugs, is a newDSM-5diagnostic criterion
for substance use disorders (SUDs), which are the most prevalent, costly, and deadly forms …

High rates of relapse following substance misuse treatment highlight an urgent need for
effective therapies. Although the number of empirical studies investigating effects of …

Most people use the Internet as a functional tool to perform their personal goals in everyday-
life such as making airline or hotel reservations. However, some individuals suffer from a …

Insula function is considered critical for many motivated behaviors, with proposed functions
ranging from attention, behavioral control, emotional regulation, goal-directed and aversion …

Loss of control over harmful drug seeking is one of the most intractable aspects of addiction,
as human substance abusers continue to pursue drugs despite incurring significant negative …

The word 'addiction'these days is used to refer to a chronic condition where there is an
unhealthily powerful motivation to engage in a particular behaviour. This can be driven by …

A wealth of research from the past two decades shows that addictive behaviors are
characterized by attentional biases for substance-related stimuli. We review the relevant …

This chapter begins with a summary of the initial findings on the effects of insula lesions on
smoking behavior as well as more recent human‐lesion studies that replicate and extend …

BACKGROUND: Addictions are defined by a loss of flexible control over behavior. The
development of response habits might reflect early changes in behavioral control. The …

Rational and objectives. The reinstatement model is currently used in many laboratories to
investigate mechanisms underlying relapse to drug seeking. Here, we review briefly the …