For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of
intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner …

The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has
been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue …

The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises
2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely
distributed in the nervous system, where it exerts strong neuroprotective effects. PACAP is …

The skeleton is one of the largest organ systems in the body and is richly innervated by the
network of nerves. Peripheral nerves in the skeleton include sensory and sympathetic …

The neuroendocrine and immune systems are coordinated to maintain the homeostasis of
the organism, generating bidirectional communication through shared mediators and …

Articular cartilage, composed of collagen type II as a major extracellular matrix and
chondrocyte as a unique cell type, is a specialized connective tissue without blood vessels …

Osteoarthritis (OA); the most common form of degenerative joint disease, is associated with
variations in pro-inflammatory growth factor levels, inflammation and hypocellularity …

Tendon–bone interface is prevalent in the human body. It is divided into four zones: tendon
(soft tissue), unmineralized fibrocartilage, mineralized fibrocartilage, and bone (hard tissue) …

Bilateral communication between bone and nerves is crucial for optimal repair of large bone
defects as well as repair of peripheral nerves within the skeleton. However, simultaneous …