The nature of the early martian climate is one of the major unanswered questions of
planetary science. Key challenges remain, but a new wave of orbital and in situ observations …

Clay minerals, recently discovered to be widespread in Mars's Noachian terrains, indicate
long-duration interaction between water and rock over 3.7 billion years ago. Analysis of how …

Collocated crystal sizes and mineral identities are critical for interpreting textural
relationships in rocks and testing geological hypotheses, but it has been previously …

The first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero
Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest …

The surface of Mars has preserved the record of early environments in which its basaltic
crust was altered by liquid water. These aqueous environments have survived in the form of …

Glaciers and Glaciation is the classic textbook for all students of glaciation. Stimulating and
accessible, it has established a reputation as a comprehensive and essential resource. In …

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the outermost of the rocky, terrestrial planets that
make up the inner solar system. Of this planetary family, Mars is only larger than Mercury …

Mars accumulated and differentiated into crust, mantle and core within a few tens of millions
of years of Solar System formation. Formation of Hellas, which has been adopted as the …

The evidence for abundant liquid water on early Mars despite the faint young Sun is a long‐
standing problem in planetary research. Here we present new ab initio spectroscopic and …

We present results from geomorphic mapping and visible to near‐infrared spectral analyses
of the Jezero crater paleolake basin and its associated watershed. The goal of this study is …