Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest‐ranged interdisciplinary
subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio‐inorganic composites are currently …

Classification and characterization of neuronal types are critical for understanding their
function and dysfunction. Neuronal classification schemes typically rely on measurements of …

Key points Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a rare population
of retinal output neurons that drives subconscious physiological responses to light, eg …

How does the connectivity of a neuronal circuit, together with the individual properties of the
cell types that take part in it, result in a given computation? We examine this question in the …

On-Off direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) encode the axis of visual motion.
They respond strongly to an object moving in a preferred direction and weakly to an object …

Establishing precise synaptic connections is crucial to the development of functional neural
circuits. The direction-selective circuit in the retina relies upon highly selective wiring of …

The retina uses two photoreceptor types to encode the wide range of light intensities in the
natural environment. Rods mediate vision in dim light, whereas cones mediate vision in …

Introduction Direction-selective responses to visual cues depend upon precise connectivity
between inhibitory starburst amacrine cells (SACs) and direction-selective ganglion cells …

Retinal circuits detect salient features of the visual world and report them to the brain
through spike trains of retinal ganglion cells. The most abundant ganglion cell type in mice …

Detecting visual features in the environment, such as motion direction, is crucial for survival.
The circuit mechanisms that give rise to direction selectivity in a major visual center, the …