Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through
the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Despite decades of
research following several theoretical and clinical lines, all existing treatments for the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains
as one of the major causes of vision loss worldwide. The release of pro-inflammatory …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic janus-faced molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases
(NOS) which plays a critical role in a number of physiological and pathological processes in …

The biological and clinical behaviors of hematological malignancies can be influenced by
the active crosstalk with an altered bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. In the present …

As the primary protective barrier for neurons in the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
exists between the blood microcirculation system and the brain parenchyma. The normal …

VEGF is a secreted mitogen associated with angiogenesis and is also a potent vascular
permeability factor. The biological role of VEGF in the ischemic brain remains unknown. This …

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthases are ubiquitous in malignant tumours and are
known to exert both pro-and anti-tumour effects. We summarize our current understanding of …

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced
angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability. However, the relative contribution of different …

Tight junctions (TJs) regulate the passage of ions and molecules through the paracellular
pathway in epithelial and endothelial cells. TJs are highly dynamic structures whose degree …