Objective: Prior research consistently demonstrates that defendants convicted at trial are
sentenced more harshly than those who plead guilty. Additionally, a vast literature has …

Purpose Researchers have offered several reasons for the mixed minority threat-sentencing
literature including diverse dependent variables, heterogenous threat conceptualizations …

The current study aims to examine the joint effects of defendant race and gender on (1)
downward sentencing departures (likelihood and length) and (2) upward sentencing …

Disparity in sentencing outcomes continues to garner considerable attention in the research
literature. Much of the extant literature focuses on the impact of case-level, and to a lesser …

Purpose Two dominant theoretical approaches used to explain racial and ethnic disparities
in criminal justice outcomes are focal concerns and group threat. This study tests …

Initiatives have been implemented to reduce the federal sentencing disparity between crack
and powder cocaine offenses. The current study investigated the impact of the Fair …

Abstract Purpose Despite over 1 million American lives lost to drug overdoses throughout
the 21st century and a turbulent history between federal courts and drugs, past research has …

An online romance scam occurs when a criminal creates a fake online identity to manipulate
a victim into developing affection and trust before financially exploiting them. It has resulted …

Economic threat arguments within the broader racial/ethnic threat theory suggest that
economic competition between minorities and Whites encourages the majority group to …

Prior sentencing research has identified leniency afforded to females (compared with males)
and those with familial responsibility (compared with those without). Studies have also found …