Revenue generated through the criminal justice system has become a key component of
local government budgets across the United States. Although numerous restrictions exist to …

Monetary sanctions, also known as legal financial obligations (LFOs), are a highly
consequential yet underexplored element of the criminal legal system. LFOs consist of fines …

Attention from social subjects, such as the government, public, and media, serves as a vital
diver for urban environmental improvement. While most empirical studies about …

Fees and fines collected through courts and law enforcement can comprise a considerable
proportion of revenue for local governments. Law enforcement, as agents of revenue …

Before the Great Lockdown, criminal justice reformers across the ideological spectrum
lamented" policing for profit." 1 Commentators usually discuss this practice through the more …

Economic sociologists have documented the rise of financialization, including credit and
debt. In the case of monetary sanctions in the criminal legal system, courts frequently extend …

This Article contextualizes the police defunding movement and the backlash it has
generated. The defunding movement emerged from the work of Black-led activists to …

The importance of monetary sanctions as a topic of sociological inquiry derives from both
their ubiquity in American criminal justice and the socioeconomic realities of many people …

This article investigates a trend in the Chicago region that defies conventional accounts of
municipal politics and revenue-motivated policing: since the Great Recession, higher …

High-profile police killings in the United States have drawn attention to how municipalities
generate revenue through citations and arrests. This article investigates whether killings by …