B cells develop from hematopoietic precursor cells in an ordered maturation and selection
process. Extensive studies with many different mouse mutants provided fundamental …

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are essential for high-affinity antibody production and for the
development of B cell memory. Historically, FDCs have been characterized as' …

The International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology initiated an international
coalition among the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; the European …

Non-infectious complications in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have emerged
as a major clinical challenge. Detailed clinical spectrum, organ-specific pathologies and …

Background Humoral immunocompetence develops stepwise throughout life and
contributes to individual susceptibility to infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and …

Most autosomal genetic causes of childhood-onset hypogammaglobulinemia are currently
not well understood. Most affected individuals are simplex cases, but both autosomal …

The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American
College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for …

The adaptive immune system consists of T and B cells that express clonally distributed
antigen receptors. To achieve functional adaptive immune responses, antigen-specific T cell …

Can genetic and clinical findings made in a single patient be considered sufficient to
establish a causal relationship between genotype and phenotype? We report that up to 49 of …

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by
antibody deficiency, poor humoral response to antigens, and recurrent infections. To …