Catalytic four-electron reduction of O2 to water is one of the most extensively studied
electrochemical reactions due to O2 exceptional availability and high O2/H2O redox …

Highlights•The three major electron transfer routes are reviewed: 1st, 2nd (mediated
electron transfer) and 3rd generation biosensors (direct electron transfer).•Enzymatic …

There is still a growing interest in developing glucose sensors using glucose oxidase. Since
2012, over 1000 papers are published every year, while efficient commercial sensors exist …

Intensive research during the last 15 years on mechanistic understanding of hydrogenases,
the key enzyme for H2 transformation in many microorganisms, has authorized the concept …

Direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis, which couples the electrode reactions
and catalytic functions of redox enzymes without any redox mediator, is one of the most …

Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) have long been recognized as crucial
“bridges” between redox enzymes and solid electrode surfaces, on which the enzymes …

A new redox polymer/bilirubin oxidase (BOD)-based gas diffusion electrode was designed
to be implemented as the non-current and non-stability limiting biocathode in a glucose/O 2 …

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile bioelectrocatalyst lately at focus due to its
sugar oxidising properties in combination with its inherent ability for direct electron transfer …

Porous gold (Au) electrodes prepared by anodization of Au electrodes in buffer solutions
containing glucose were utilized as scaffolds for direct electron transfer (DET)-type …

Nanoporous gold (NPG) fabricated by sputtering is a material of versatile morphology with
pores whose size can be tailored to accommodate enzymes. The process of pore formation …