Why-type non-factoid questions are ambiguous and involve variations in their answers. A
challenge in returning one appropriate answer to user requires the process of appropriate …

Question Answering System (QAS) aims at providing the most appropriate answer to the
user's question asked in any natural language. It emerged as a future of web search that …

Through a natural language interface (NLI) for exploratory visual analysis, users can directly
“ask” analytical questions about the given tabular data. This process greatly improves user …

The field of Question Answering Systems (QAS) is rapidly evolving, and the search for
effective systems has expanded beyond factoid questions to include non-factoid questions …

Answer re-ranking and quality tagging are two major techniques used to address irrelevant
answers in web-based community question answering systems (CQA). However, answer re …

Answer retrieval is a crucial step in question answering. To determine the best Q–A pair in a
candidate pool, traditional approaches adopt triplet loss (ie, pairwise ranking loss) for a …

Many institutions, organizations, and government bodies deal with a large number of
financial documents (which can be structured or unstructured). To avoid the labor-intensive …

The economic benefits of crowdsourcing have furthered its widespread use over the past d
ecade. However, increasing numbers of fraudulent workers threaten to undermine the …

With the rapid growth and maturity of Question-Answering (QA) domain, non-factoid
QuestionAnswering tasks are in high demand. However, existing Question-Answering …

Document understanding requires discovery of meaningful patterns in text, which in turn
involves analyzing documents and extracting useful information for a certain purpose. There …