Neuropathic pain remains a major clinical problem and a therapeutic challenge because
existing analgesics are often ineffective and can cause serious side effects. Increased N …

Somatosensation encompasses a variety of essential modalities including touch, pressure,
proprioception, temperature, pain, and itch. These peripheral sensations are crucial for all …

Loss of synaptic inhibition by γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine due to potassium chloride
cotransporter-2 (KCC2) down-regulation in the spinal cord is a critical mechanism of …

Background Reduction of the transmembrane chloride gradient in spinal lamina I neurons
contributes to the cellular hyperexcitability producing allodynia and hyperalgesia after …

Hyperactivity of spinal dorsal horn neurons plays an important role in the development of
diabetic neuropathic pain. However, little is known as to whether synaptic input to spinal …

Upregulation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor function by the nonreceptor protein
tyrosine kinase Src has been implicated in physiological plasticity at glutamatergic …

Pain hypersensitivity that develops after tissue or nerve injury is dependent both on
peripheral processes in the affected tissue and on enhanced neuronal responses in the …

The glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs)
are critically involved in the excitatory synaptic transmission, and blocking AMPARs at the …

Multiple groups have reported the functional cross-regulation between mu-opioid (MOP)
receptor and glutamate ionotropic receptor N (GluN), and the post-synaptic association of …

The human brain is characterized by the upregulation of synaptic, mainly glutamatergic,
transmission, but its evolutionary origin (s) remain elusive. Here we approached this …