Plastids and mitochondria are the only organelles that possess genomes of endosymbiotic
origin. In recent decades, advances in sequencing technologies have contributed to a …

The mitochondria contain their own genome derived from an alphaproteobacterial
endosymbiont. From thousands of protein-coding genes originally encoded by their …

Over the course of evolution, land plant mitochondrial genomes have lost many transfer
RNA (tRNA) genes and the import of nucleus-encoded tRNAs is essential for mitochondrial …

Background Structural descriptions of complete genomes have elucidated evolutionary
processes in angiosperms. In Cactaceae (Caryophyllales), a high structural diversity of the …

There is remarkable variation in the rate at which genetic incompatibilities in molecular
interactions accumulate. In some cases, minor changes—even single-nucleotide …

Abstract Background The cactus family (Cactaceae) has been reported to have evolved a
minimal photosynthetic plastome size, with the loss of inverted-repeat (IR) regions and NDH …

The vast majority of oxygen-utilizing eukaryotes need to express their own mitochondrial
genome, mtDNA, to survive. In comparison to size of their nuclear genome, mtDNA is …

The function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) depends on enzymes that cleave primary transcript
ends, add a 3′ CCA tail, introduce post‐transcriptional base modifications, and charge …

Eukaryotic nuclear genomes often encode distinct sets of translation machinery for function
in the cytosol vs. organelles (mitochondria and plastids). This raises questions about why …

Mitochondrial gene editing holds great promise as a therapeutic approach for mitochondrial
diseases caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Current strategies focus …