Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector
functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of …

Recent progress in human and mouse genetics has transformed our understanding of the
molecular mechanisms by which recognition of self double-stranded RNA (self-dsRNA) …

Prolonged exposure to microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide can induce a form of
innate immune memory that blunts subsequent responses to unrelated pathogens, known …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has developed effective strategies to evade host innate immune
responses. Here we reported on mitigation of type I interferon (IFN) production by EBV …

The innate immune system processes pathogen-induced signals into cell fate decisions.
How information is turned to decision remains unknown. By combining stochastic …

Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) is an integral transcription factor in mediating the type I
interferon antiviral response, as part of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3. However, the …

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) RelA is the potent transcriptional activator of inflammatory
response genes. We stringently defined a list of direct RelA target genes by integrating …

Immune sentinel cells initiate immune responses to pathogens and tissue injury and are
capable of producing highly stimulus-specific responses. Insight into the mechanisms …

In innate immune responses, induction of type‐I interferons (IFNs) prevents virus spreading
while viral replication is delayed by protein synthesis inhibition. We asked how cells perform …

Host cell-intrinsic antiviral responses are largely mediated by pattern-recognition receptor
(PRR) signaling and the interferon (IFN) system. The IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family of …