Some patients remain unwell for months after “recovering” from the acute COVID-19. They
develop persistent fatigue, cognitive problems, headaches, disrupted sleep, myalgias and …

Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of
intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause chronic and
acute disease. Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) include injury to the …

The relationship between the conscious experience of physical symptoms and indicators of
objective physiological dysfunction is highly variable and depends on characteristics of the …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic
disease of unknown aetiology that is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) …

We provide a general framework for understanding functional gastrointestinal disorders
(FGIDs) from a biopsychosocial perspective. More specifically, we provide an overview of …

Pain is a primary symptom driving patients to seek physical therapy, and its attenuation
commonly defines a successful outcome. A large body of evidence is dedicated to …

Objectives To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on
the role of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar …

Fibromyalgia is a disorder that is part of a spectrum of syndromes that lack precise
classification. It is often considered as part of the global overview of functional somatic …

Centralized pain syndromes are associated with changes within the central nervous system
that amplify peripheral input and/or generate the perception of pain in the absence of a …