The shape of the interaction between three species: prey, predator, and super predator has
been considered in this work as a new predator-prey model. In this article, the fear of …

This research article centers on the formulation and analysis of a novel prey–predator model
that integrates the impacts of predation fear, prey refuge, and carry-over effects. The model …

A delayed fractional-order prey–predator system with fear (felt by prey) effect of predator on
prey population incorporating prey refuge has been proposed. We consider a three species …

In this paper, a Leslie-type predator–prey system with simplified Holling type IV functional
response and strong Allee effect on prey is proposed. The dissipativity of the system and the …

In this research article, a three-species food chain model with Allee effect and additional
food is proposed and analyzed. The Allee effect and additional food are introduced to the …

In the present work, we investigate on the dynamics of predator–prey model with prey refuge
in proportion to both species and the effect of additional food provided to the predator. A …

Refuge for prey and additional food for predator together with environmental fluctuation is a
very interesting topic for dynamical system. In this work we have studied a prey–predator …

Prey refuge from predators can play an important role in stabilising an ecological system by
reducing interactions between species, while Allee effects can arise from a range of …

In this work, we have introduced an eco-epidemiological model of an infected predator–prey
system. Incorporation of prey refuge gives that a fraction of the infected prey is available to …

In this paper, we propose a fractional-order prey-predator model with infection on both
populations. First, we prove some important results such as existence, uniqueness, non …