The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical regulator of CNS homeostasis. It possesses
physical and biochemical characteristics (ie tight junction protein complexes, transporters) …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by
impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and …

Cytokines provide cells with the ability to communicate with one another and orchestrate
complex multicellular behaviour. There is an emerging understanding of the role that …

The notion of “immune privilege” of the brain has been revised to accommodate its
infiltration, at steady state, by immune cells that participate in normal neurophysiology …

Neuroinflammation is the coordinated response of the central nervous system (CNS) to
threats to its integrity posed by a variety of conditions, including autoimmunity, pathogens …

A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated
in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of …

Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and
psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not fully elucidated, several lines of evidence suggest that …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
progressive loss of axonal myelin in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that …

Neuroinflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related mouse models has
been recognized for decades, but the contribution of the recently described meningeal …

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and/or myelin sheath,
which deteriorate over time and cause dysfunction. Interleukin 17A is the signature cytokine …