Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are
recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) found in antigen-presenting cells and B cells and …

The application of nanotechnology to the treatment of cancer or other diseases has been
boosted during the last decades due to the possibility to precise deliver drugs where …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory CpG motif mimic bacterial
DNA and are potent activator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, CpG …

Cancer vaccines aim to activate the immune system so it can seek and eradicate cancer
cells. Peptide vaccines hold the minimalistic amount of biochemical information required for …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise as cell therapy candidate in clinics.
However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive due to the lack of effective cell tracking …

The spike (S) protein is a leading vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The S1
domain of S protein, which contains a critical receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen …

Background Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides activate Toll-like
receptor 9, leading to induction of proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in …

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly infectious and contagious viral disease of
chickens caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to the genus …

CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODNs) interact with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which results in
the induction of immunostimulatory cytokines. We delivered CpG ODNs intracellularly using …

Gelatine nanoparticles (GNPs) are biodegradable and biocompatible drug delivery systems
with excellent clinical performances. A two-step desolvation is commonly used for their …