Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of
all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes …

Calcium (Ca 2+) signals play fundamental roles in immune cell function. The main sources
of Ca 2+ influx in mammalian lymphocytes following antigen receptor stimulation are Ca 2+ …

Astrocytes contribute to brain inflammation in neurological disorders but the molecular
mechanisms controlling astrocyte reactivity and their relationship to neuroinflammatory …

T and B cells express most cholinergic system components—eg, acetylcholine (ACh),
choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase, and both muscarinic and nicotinic …

Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in
virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene …

Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediate a specific form of Ca2+ influx
called store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) that contributes to the function of many cell types …

Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic
lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc …

Dendritic cells play a key role in processing and presenting antigens to naïve T cells to
prime adaptive immunity. Circadian rhythms are known to regulate many aspects of …

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is
evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the …

The NFAT family of transcription factors encompasses five proteins evolutionarily related to
the Rel/NFκB family (Chytil and Verdine 1996; Graef et al. 2001b). The primordial family …