Habitats are rapidly changing across the planet and the consequences will have major and
long-lasting effects on wildlife and their parasites. Birds harbor many types of blood …

The interest in experimental studies on avian malaria caused by Plasmodium species has
increased recently due to the need of direct information about host–parasite interactions …

Avian haemosporidians of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon are
common blood parasites in wild birds all over the world. Despite their importance as …

Avian species are commonly infected by multiple parasites, however few studies have
investigated the environmental determinants of the prevalence of co-infection over a large …

Background Birds possess the most diverse assemblage of haemosporidian parasites;
including three genera, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon. Currently there …

Studies of the lowland avifauna in the Neotropical Region have shown a paucity of
Leucocytozoon species. However, surveys conducted in the Colombian highlands revealed …

Plasmodium elongatum causes severe avian malaria and is distributed worldwide. This
parasite is of particular importance due to its ability to develop and cause lethal malaria not …

Background One of the major issues concerning disease ecology and conservation is
knowledge of the factors that influence the distribution of parasites and consequently …

Background Knowledge on the temporal dynamics of host/vector/parasite interactions is a
pre-requisite to further address relevant questions in the fields of epidemiology and …

One of the major concerns with ongoing environmental global change is the ability of
parasites to shift their distribution (both geographically and across hosts) and to increase in …