The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a complex network of nerves originating in the
brain, brain stem, spinal cord, heart and extracardiac organs that regulates neural and …

Resting heart rate is a determinant of cardiac output and physiological homeostasis.
Although a simple, but critical, parameter, this vital sign predicts adverse outcomes …

Background During atrial fibrillation ablations using thermal energy, the treatment effect is
attributed to not just pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), but also to modulation of the autonomic …

Abstract Background and Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic progressive disorder.
Persistent forms of AF are associated with increased rates of thromboembolism, heart …

Background Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by radiofrequency (RF) energy is associated
with a collateral ganglionated plexi ablation. Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a nonthermal …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting millions of people
worldwide. The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) is widely recognized as playing a …

Background Modulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a promising
adjuvant therapy in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). In pre-clinical models, pulsed field …

Background Adjunctive ganglionic plexus (GP) ablation may increase the efficacy of
pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Prior meta-analyses …

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been a worldwide health issue with increasing
prevalence and mortality. Recently, increasing attention has been gained to the relationship …

Background Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is an established treatment for paroxysmal drug‐
refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). High parasympathetic tone and reconnection of PVs have …