Context. The explosion of observational data on exoplanets gives many constraints on
theoretical models of planet formation and evolution. Observational data probe very large …

The size frequency distribution of exoplanet radii between 1 and 4R⊕ is bimodal with peaks
at∼ 1.4 R⊕ and∼ 2.4 R⊕, and a valley at∼ 1.8 R⊕. This radius valley separates two …

Context. Planetary formation and evolution is a combination of multiple interlinked
processes. Constraining the mechanisms observationally requires statistical comparison to …

One of the most important developments in exoplanet science in the past decade is the
discovery of multi-planet systems with sub-Neptune-sized planets interior to 1~ AU. This …

The formation of super-Earths, the most abundant planets in the Galaxy, remains elusive.
These planets have masses that typically exceed that of the Earth by a factor of a few …

A planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. Besides its scientific significance
among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely …

Uncovering the formation process that reproduces the distinct properties of compact super-
Earth exoplanet systems is a major goal of planet formation theory. The most successful …

Observations of the population of cold Jupiter planets (r> 1 AU) show that nearly all of these
planets orbit their host star on eccentric orbits. For planets up to a few Jupiter masses …

Compact nonresonant systems of sub-Jovian planets are the most common outcome of the
planet formation process. Despite exhibiting broad overall diversity, these planets also …

Capture into mean motion resonance (MMR) is an important dynamical mechanism because
it shapes the final architecture of a planetary system. We simulate systems of two or three …