The nervous and immune systems go hand in hand in causing inflammation and pain.
However, the two are not mutually exclusive. While some diseases cause inflammation …

The present work aimed to review the potential mechanisms used by macrophages to kill
intracellular bacteria, their entrance to the cell, and mechanisms of escape of cellular …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and a leading cause of death
worldwide. Macrophages play an important role in inflammatory responses, cell–cell …

Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer used frequently in drug delivery because of its
biodegradability and biocompatibility. Several derivatives of CS have also been synthesized …

The purpose of this study was to enhance the anti-leishmanial efficacy of miltefosine (MTF)
and reduce its toxic effects by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Micro …

As the population is ageing and lifestyle is changing, the prevalence of musculoskeletal
(MSK) disorders is gradually increasing with each passing year, posing a serious threat to …

Atherosclerotic diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite
the recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances. A thorough understanding of the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, prevalent, immune-mediated, inflammatory, joint
disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite current treatment options, many …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of mortality and represent a
large contributor to the costs of medical care. Although tremendous progress has been …

Existing therapies yield low drug encapsulation or accumulation in the lungs, hence the site-
specific drug delivery remains the challenge for tuberculosis. Lately, dry powder inhalers …