Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell
functions. The CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to CXC chemokine receptor …

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has captured the attention of many scientists. It is
believed that elimination of CSCs could possibly eradicate the whole cancer. CSC surface …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

Abstract Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 75% of
all breast cancers. Endocrine therapies, including selective ER modulators (SERMs) …

Accumulating lines of experimental evidence have revealed that hypoxia‐inducible factors,
HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α, are key regulators of the adaptation of cancer‐and metastasis‐initiating …

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Therapeutic strategies
to prevent or treat metastatic disease are still inadequate although great progress has been …

The chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its cell surface receptor CXCR4 were first identified as
regulators of lymphocyte trafficking to the bone marrow. Soon after, the CXCL12/CXCR4 …

The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by
the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased …

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Breast
cancer-related mortality is associated with the development of metastatic potential of primary …

Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present.
Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the …