Highlights•Animal personality traits tend to be stable within life stages but not across.•
Metamorphosis and/or sexual maturation are important for personality development.• …

The concept of a pace‐of‐life syndrome describes inter‐and intraspecific variation in several
life‐history traits along a slow‐to‐fast pace‐of‐life continuum, with long lifespans, low …

The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts that individual differences in behavior should
integrate with morphological, physiological, and life-history traits along a slow to fast pace-of …

Highlights•Invertebrates representing 98% of all species are neglected in personality
research.•The lack of data confines comparative analyses to unravel personality evolution.• …

The world is facing an incoming global protein shortage due to existing malnutrition and
further rapid increases in population size. It will however be difficult to greatly expand …

Background Animals show consistent individual behavioural patterns over time and over
situations. This phenomenon has been referred to as animal personality or behavioural …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis for animal personality proposes that variation
among individuals in life-history strategies is associated with consistent differences in …

Consistent behavioral differences among individuals, that is, personality, are described in
numerous species. Nevertheless, the development of behavioral consistency over ontogeny …

Gryllus field and wood crickets of the United States, mostly west of the Mississippi River, are
reviewed and revised. We validate the following 18 Gryllus cricket names: G. armatus, G …

Examining the relevance of 'animal personality'involves linking consistent among-and within-
individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically …