Naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which specifically express the
transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

This chapter serves as an update and replaces the 2018 ISPAD consensus guideline on
definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. 1 It …

Immunotherapy with PD-1 checkpoint blockade is effective in only a minority of patients with
cancer, suggesting that additional treatment strategies are needed. Here we use a pooled in …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), the first cytokine that was molecularly cloned, was shown to be a T cell
growth factor essential for the proliferation of T cells and the generation of effector and …

Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic, seropositive and female-predominant inflammatory
and cholestatic liver disease, which has a variable rate of progression towards biliary …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism,
ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Affected women frequently have …

Across all branches of the immune system, the process of autophagy is fundamentally
important in cellular development, function and homeostasis. Strikingly, this evolutionarily …

Naturally arising regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the transcription
factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a T-cell …

The central role of the intestinal microbiota in the progression and, equally, prevention of
metabolic dysfunction is becoming abundantly apparent. The symbiotic relationship …