In this study, we document the evolution of the gender pay gap in the UK over the past three
decades and its association with fertility, examining the role of various differences in career …

In our annual series of reports on education spending, funded by the Nuffield Foundation,
we bring together data on education spending per student across the life cycle and provide …

In a field experiment in Uganda, mothers of young children are randomly offered a childcare
subsidy, an equivalent cash grant, both or nothing. Childcare leads to a 44 percent increase …

We evaluate the short-and medium-term health impacts of Sure Start, a large-scale and
universal early childhood program in England. We exploit the rollout of the program and …

This paper examines the multigenerational impact of children and whether the public
provision of formal childcare lessens the earnings and employment impacts of children. We …

Current research recognises the role of parenthood in contributing to gender inequalities at
work. Meanwhile, there is a growing interest in job quality. We contribute to both these …

We analyze policies that support and affect the provision and costs of child care in the
United States. These policies are motivated by at least three objectives:(1) improving the …

Previous studies have largely omitted a dynamic analysis of how the transition into
parenthood shapes gender differences in mental health trajectories. This study adopts a life …

Subsidized childcare is a key instrument to support maternal employment in most OECD
countries. Using a major reform implemented in Luxembourg in 2009, I study the effects of …

This paper simulates the likely fiscal and employment effects of a vast public annual
investment programme of free universal high-quality early childhood education and care …