Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and
also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors …

Dark septate endophytes (DSE) exert a plethora of effects in regulating plant growth,
signalling and stress tolerance. The advent of metagenomics has led to the identification of …

Trees interact with a multitude of microbes through their roots and root symbionts such as
mycorrhizal fungi and root endophytes. Here, we explore the role of fungal root symbionts as …

Endophytic fungi have been studied in recent decades to understand how they interact with
their hosts, the types of relationships they establish, and the potential effects of this …

Introduction The soil harbors a diverse array of microorganisms, and these are essential
components of terrestrial ecosystems. The presence of microorganisms in the soil …

The genus Exophiala is an anamorphic ascomycete fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae
of the order Chaetothyriales. Exophiala species have been classified as polymorphic black …

Melanized root-associated fungi are a group of fungi that produce melanized structures and
form root associations, including different mycorrhizal and endophytic symbioses with plants …

Armillaria members play important roles in the nutrient supply and growth modulation of
Gastrodia elata Bl., and they will undergo severe competition with native soil organisms …

Pitaya canker, caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, is one of the most important fungal
diseases that cause significant losses in production. To replace chemical pesticides, the use …

Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an eco-friendly sustainable
strategy for improving crop productivity in diverse environments under different conditions …