Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a
promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME …

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known
mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation …

Many efforts have been made to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to enhance
their efficacy and to reduce their adverse effects. These efforts include the development of …

Simple Summary Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape primary tumor site
and colonize distant organs, is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. The tumor …

Immunotherapy has emerged as a major therapeutic modality in oncology. Currently,
however, the majority of patients with cancer do not derive benefit from these treatments …

Nanomedicine has been extensively explored to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy with
modest therapeutic efficacy in the clinic, owing to various factors. A primary factor is …

Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapeutic management. Tumor cells
secrete high levels of pro-angiogenic factors which contribute to the creation of an abnormal …

All solid tumours require a vascular supply in order to progress. Although the ability to
induce angiogenesis (new blood vessel growth) has long been regarded as essential to this …

Abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels create a hostile tumor microenvironment
characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure. These …

Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and
has been characterized as an essential process for tumor cell proliferation and viability. This …