Haematological malignancies were previously thought to be driven solely by genetic or
epigenetic lesions within haematopoietic cells. However, the niches that maintain and …

Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative
responses in patients with cancer. Chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a class of …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade targeting the PD-1 immune checkpoint
has demonstrated unprecedented clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancers …

Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness
antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic …

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients progressed early on ibrutinib often develop
Richter transformation (RT) with a short survival of about 4 months. Preclinical studies …

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is highly promising but requires
robust T-cell expansion and engraftment. A T-cell defect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia …

Current limitations in using chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells to treat patients with
hematological cancers include limited expansion and persistence in vivo that contribute to …

Abstract The Cul4–Rbx1–DDB1–Cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is the target of
thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, therapeutically important drugs for multiple …

T-cell exhaustion, originally described in chronic viral infections, was recently reported in
solid and hematologic cancers. It is not defined whether exhaustion contributes to T-cell …

Richter transformation (RT) is a rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that
has dismal outcomes. Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 drives immunological evasion in patients …