Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of
endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic …

Transcription factors are adaptor molecules that detect regulatory sequences in the DNA
and target the assembly of protein complexes that control gene expression. Yet much of the …

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) represents the first example of an identified
nuclear protein with histone demethylase activity. In particular, it plays a special role in the …

Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are multifaceted transcription factors that are responsible for
fine-tuning the spatial and temporal expression of a broad range of genes both during …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Estrogen receptor-α (ER) is the key feature of most breast cancers and binding of ER to the
genome correlates with expression of the Forkhead protein FOXA1 (also called HNF3α) …

Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of
several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain …

Vitamin A or retinol is arguably the most multifunctional vitamin in the human body, as it is
essential from embryogenesis to adulthood. The pleiotropic effects of vitamin A are exerted …

Retinoids (ie, vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and related signaling molecules) induce the
differentiation of various types of stem cells. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors mediate most but …

Estrogen receptor-α (ER) is the driving transcription factor in most breast cancers, and its
associated proteins can influence drug response, but direct methods for identifying …