The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) act as switches that
regulate information processing circuits connecting cell surface receptors to a variety of …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a critical phospholipid constituent in eukaryotic cell membranes,
which accounts for 1À4% of the total lipid. 1 This lipophilic glycerophospholipid has a …

Why does nature love symmetry? In Asymmetry, Developmental Stability and Evolution, M--
oslash--; ller and Swaddle analyse the evolutionary implications of symmetry. They advance …

One of the great scientific challenges is the creation of nanoor microscale machines that can
function collectively to accomplish tasks such as chemical sensing, particle assembly, and …

The pigment patterns on tropical shells are of great beauty and diversity. Their mixture of
regularity and irregularity is fascinating. A particular pattern seems to follow particular rules …

BACTERIAL colonies must often cope with unfavourable environmental conditions1, 2. To
do so, they have developed sophisticated modes of cooperative behaviour3–10. It has been …

In nature, microorganisms must often cope with hostile environmental conditions. To do so
they have developed sophisticated cooperative behaviour and intricate communication …

Growth factors play a crucial role in information transfer between cells and their
microenvironment in tissue engineering and regeneration. They initiate their action by …

The tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibits the growth of human
endothelial cells and induces differentiation into capillary-like, tubular structures. We have …

Fluctuating asymmetry is the most commonly used measure of developmental instability.
Some authors have claimed that antisymmetry and directional asymmetry may have a …