A comprehensive review of zonal flow phenomena in plasmas is presented. While the
emphasis is on zonal flows in laboratory plasmas, planetary zonal flows are discussed as …

Nonlinear gyrokinetic equations play a fundamental role in our understanding of the long-
time behavior of strongly magnetized plasmas. The foundations of modern nonlinear …

Progress, since the ITER Physics Basis publication (ITER Physics Basis Editors et al 1999
Nucl. Fusion 39 2137–2664), in understanding the processes that will determine the …

The understanding and predictive capability of transport physics and plasma confinement is
reviewed from the perspective of achieving reactor-scale burning plasmas in the ITER …

Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are ubiquitous oscillatory flow phenomena observed in
toroidal magnetic confinement fusion plasmas, such as tokamaks and stellarators. They are …

This overview is an assessment of the gyrokinetic framework and simulations to compute
turbulent transport in fusion plasmas. It covers an introduction to the gyrokinetic theory, the …

This paper reviews measurements of edge plasma turbulence in toroidal magnetic fusion
devices with an emphasis on recent results in tokamaks. The dominant feature of edge …

Experimental drift turbulence and zonal flow studies in magnetically confined plasma
experiments are reviewed. The origins of drift waves, transition to drift turbulence and drift …

The two-dimensional radial vs poloidal structure and motion of edge turbulence in the
National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) were measured using high-speed imaging of …

Zonal flows, which means azimuthally symmetric band-like shear flows, are ubiquitous
phenomena in nature and the laboratory. It is now widely recognized that zonal flows are a …