Background: The prevalence, efficacy, and risk for addiction for persons receiving opioids for
chronic back pain are unclear. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of opioid treatment …

Background: Experts recommend opioid treatment agreements and urine drug testing to
reduce opioid analgesia misuse, but evidence of their effectiveness has not been …

Importance Mortality among people with opioid dependence is higher than that of the
general population. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective treatment for opioid …

Background Opioid misuse can complicate chronic pain management, and the non-medical
use of opioids is a growing public health problem. The incidence and risk factors for opioid …

Pain Physician: March/April 2011; 14: 123-143 124 www. painphysicianjournal. com
patterns of drug use and compliance so as to direct the type and conduct of treatment that …

Little is known about primary care physicians'(PCPs) prescribing of opioids. We describe
trends and factors associated with opioid prescribing during PCP visits over the past …

Pain and substance abuse co-occur frequently, and each can make the other more difficult
to treat. A knowledge of pain and its interrelationships with addiction enhances the addiction …

The use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain has increased dramatically over the past 25
years in North America and has been accompanied by a major increase in opioid addiction …

The use of urine drug testing (UDT) has increased over recent years. UDT results have
traditionally been used in legal proceedings under supervision of a medical review officer …

Objective. To measure the impact of a structured opioid renewal program for chronic pain
run by a nurse practitioner (NP) and clinical pharmacist in a primary care setting. Patients …