Antiseizure drugs (ASDs) prevent the occurrence of seizures; there is no evidence that they
have disease-modifying properties. In the more than 160 years that orally administered …

The successful treatment of cancer has significantly improved as a result of targeted therapy
and immunotherapy. However, during chemotherapy, cancer cells evolve and can acquire …

Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social
communication and interaction and by repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities …

After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the
most efficient antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a …

We report on a functional human model to evaluate multi-organ toxicity in a 4-organ system
under continuous flow conditions in a serum-free defined medium utilizing a pumpless …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Diverse brain insults, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, infections, tumors,
neurodegenerative diseases, and prolonged acute symptomatic seizures, such as complex …

An insult to the brain (such as the first seizure) causes excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and
production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). ROS and RNS produced during …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are key mediators of intrinsic neuronal and muscle
excitability. Abnormal VGSC activity is central to the pathophysiology of epileptic seizures …

Antiseizure drugs (ASDs), also termed antiepileptic drugs, are the main form of symptomatic
treatment for people with epilepsy, but not all patients become free of seizures. The …