This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

We take for granted the ability to fall asleep or to snap out of sleep into wakefulness, but
these changes in behavioral state require specific switching mechanisms in the brain that …

Orexin-A and-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and-2) are neuropeptides produced in the
lateral hypothalamus that promote many aspects of arousal through the OX1 and OX2 …

Orexin (hypocretin) peptides and their two known G‐protein‐coupled receptors play
essential roles in sleep–wake control and powerfully influence other systems regulating …

The hypothalamus monitors body homeostasis and regulates various behaviors such as
feeding, thermogenesis, and sleeping. Orexins (also known as hypocretins) were identified …

The hypocretins (Hcrts)(also called orexins) are two neuropeptides expressed in the lateral
hypothalamus that play a crucial role in the stability of wakefulness. Previously, our …

The orexin system comprises two G protein-coupled receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R)
and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R), along with two endogenous agonists cleaved from a common …

Circadian and homeostatic neural circuits organize the temporal architecture of physiology
and behavior, but knowledge of their interactions is imperfect. For example, neurons …

Multiple homeostatic systems are regulated by orexin (hypocretin) peptides and their two
known GPCR s. Activation of orexin receptors promotes waking and is essential for …

The neuropeptides orexins and their G protein-coupled receptors, OX1 and OX2, were
discovered in 1998, and since then, their role has been investigated in many functions …