Photosynthesis is central to life on Earth, employing sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to
produce chemical energy and oxygen. It is generally accepted that boosting its efficiency …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)–the byproducts of aerobic metabolism–influence numerous
aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act …

Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that
impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses …

Chloroplasts are the organelles that define plants, and they are responsible for
photosynthesis as well as numerous other functions. They are the ancestral members of a …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

As an essential macroelement for all living cells, phosphorus is indispensable in agricultural
production systems. Natural phosphorus reserves are limited, and it is therefore important to …

Metabolomics is one omics approach that can be used to acquire comprehensive
information on the composition of a metabolite pool to provide a functional screen of the …

Photosystem (PS) II is a multisubunit thylakoid membrane pigment–protein complex
responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Currently …

Plants and algae often absorb too much light—more than they can actually use in
photosynthesis. To prevent photo-oxidative damage and to acclimate to changes in their …

Chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms harness light energy and convert it into chemical
energy. In several land plants, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are required for …