Lack of neural innervation due to neurological damage renders muscle unable to produce
force. Use of electrical stimulation is a medium in which investigators have tried to find a way …

▪ Abstract Paralyzed or paretic muscles can be made to contract by applying electrical
currents to the intact peripheral motor nerves innervating them. When electrically elicited …

Direct brain control of advanced robotic systems promises substantial improvements in
health care, for example, to restore intuitive control of hand movements required for activities …

Repair of the injured spinal cord by regeneration therapy remains an elusive goal. In
contrast, progress in medical care and rehabilitation has resulted in improved health and …

Structural discontinuity in the spinal cord after injury results in a disruption in the impulse
conduction resulting in loss of various bodily functions depending upon the level of injury …

Background The bilateral loss of the grasp function associated with a lesion of the cervical
spinal cord severely limits the affected individuals' ability to live independently and return to …

In their early days, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) were only considered as control
channel for end users with severe motor impairments such as people in the locked-in state …

Electrical stimulation to manipulate the central nervous system (CNS) has been applied as
early as the 1750s to produce visual sensations of light. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) …

During the last one-half century, electrical stimulation has become dinically significant for
improving health and restoring useful function afterspinal cord injury. Short-term stimulation …

A volunteer sample of 22 participants with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI)(onset> 1 year)
and relative hemiplegia that revealed moderate disability in the more-affected upper limb …