This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by
evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in …

Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause
of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention …

The first edition of the Textbook of Medical Physiology was written by Arthur C. Guyton
almost 50 years ago. Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more …

The field of cognitive neuroscience was transformed by the discovery that exercise induces
neurogenesis in the adult brain, with the potential to improve brain health and stave off the …

This book provides an overview of human development and includes the relationship
between motor development and cognitive and social development. It explores factors …

Human evolution suggests that the default position for health is to be physically active.
Inactivity, by contrast, has serious negative effects on health across the lifespan. Therefore …

It is widely believed that keeping mentally active will prevent age-related mental decline.
The primary prediction of this mental-exercise hypothesis is that the rate of age-related …

Background: Poor fitness in middle age is a risk factor for heart failure, particularly heart
failure with a preserved ejection fraction. The development of heart failure with a preserved …

Older ('Masters') athletes strive to maintain or even improve upon the performance they
achieved at younger ages, but declines in athletic performance are inevitable with ageing. In …

Life expectancy is steadily increasing in modern societies, and so are noncommunicable
diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, accounting for …