Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with estrogen receptor
positive (ER+) breast cancer making up approximately 75% of all breast cancers diagnosed …

Abstract Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in disease is rapidly increasing owing to the
development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. The ever-growing number …

Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, is the mainstay treatment of breast cancer
and the development of resistance represents a major obstacle for a cure. Although long …

Mutations in genes that constitute the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway occur
in> 70% of breast cancers. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that PI3K pathway …

Background Most targeted anticancer therapies, as well as cytotoxic and radiation therapies,
are encumbered by the development of secondary resistance by cancer cells. Resistance is …

Endocrine therapy resistance frequently develops in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast
cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that …

Although antiestrogen therapies targeting estrogen receptor (ER) α signaling prevent
disease recurrence in the majority of patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer, a …

We explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in acquiring resistance to tamoxifen, a drug
successfully used to treat women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. miRNA …

Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) and highly effective
antagonist to hormone-sensitive breast cancers following failure of previous tamoxifen or …

Epigenetic changes can be defined as stable molecular alterations of a cellular phenotype
such as the gene expression profile of a cell that are heritable during somatic cell divisions …