Many of the motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) can be preceded, sometimes for
several years, by non-motor symptoms that include hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression …

Retinal imaging technology is rapidly advancing and can provide ever-increasing amounts
of information about the structure, function and molecular composition of retinal tissue in …

Abstract Background Patients with Parkinson's disease experience visual symptoms,
partially originating from retinal changes. Since 2011, multiple case-control studies using …

Background Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative process that leads to a
selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, mainly in the basal ganglia of the brain. Numerous …

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often compensate for their motor deficits by guiding
their movements visually. A wide range of ocular and visual disorders threatens the patients' …

Ophthalmological Features of Parkinson Disease - PMC Back to Top Skip to main content NIH
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Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, originating in the
substantia nigra pars compacta and characterised by bradykinesia, rest tremor and rigidity …

Considering the retina as an extension of the brain provides a platform from which to study
diseases of the nervous system. Taking advantage of the clear optical media of the eye and …

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) include ocular, visuoperceptive, and
visuospatial impairments, which can occur as a result of the underlying neurodegenerative …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and the
second leading cause of dementia worldwide. With an aging population, the prevalence of …