Green roofs are promoted as a nature-based approach to mitigate various environmental
issues and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, establishing and maintaining …

Urban areas are experiencing excessive heating. Addressing the heat is a challenging but
essential task where not only engineering and climatic knowledge matters but also a deep …

Designing green infrastructure in cities requires vegetation that has multiple outcomes and
functions, particularly using plants that have both attractive visual or aesthetic features and …

Living walls (LW) are a way to increase urban green infrastructure. Previous research has
mainly focused on microclimatic cooling effect or the technical functioning of LW, while the …

Abstract Current Modular Living Wall Systems (MLWS) have many benefits but are often
also characterized by high costs, high-embodied carbon and short life span materials. To …

Beating excessive urban heat calls for a whole-system approach, where several individual
mitigation measures have to be implemented together. We assess the use of green walls …

Introduction Urban green can be complemented by Living walls (LW). Knowledge of LW,
including technique or their cooling effects, is well discussed, but little published data on …

A custom-designed modular living wall system was designed to establish plants native to the
ecoregion. The initial planting included 19 species of natives and cultivars. Two years after …

As urban environments expand and densify, their destructive habitat loss and degradation
impacts will continue to worsen the interlinked issues of global biodiversity loss and climate …

Living walls can improve building envelope performance and contribute to human well-
being; however, their value to native biodiversity is often not considered in their design or …