Dendritic spines are small, bulbous compartments that function as postsynaptic sites and
undergo intense biochemical and biophysical activity. The role of the myriad signaling …

Our brains continuously acquire and store memories through synaptic plasticity. However,
spontaneous synaptic changes can also occur and pose a challenge for maintaining stable …

Neuronal energy consumption is vital for information processing and memory formation in
synapses. The brain consists of just 2% of the human body's mass, but consumes almost …

Biological cells rely on precise spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical reactions to
control their functions. Such cell signaling networks have been a common focus for …

The modification of neural circuits depends on the strengthening and weakening of synaptic
connections. Synaptic strength is often correlated to the density of the ionotropic …

Cristae are high curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are
crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous …

Synaptic plasticity involves modification of both biochemical and structural components of
neurons. Many studies have revealed that the change in the number density of the …

The nanoscale organization of enzymes associated with the dynamics of second
messengers is critical for ensuring compartmentation and localization of signaling molecules …

Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites in neurons and serve as sites of
postsynaptic activity. Some of these spines contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) …

Neuroanatomy is fundamental to understanding the nervous system, particularly dendritic
spines, which are vital for synaptic transmission and change in response to injury or …