It was Robert Koch who recognized the spectrum of pathology of tuberculosis (TB) in
different animal species. The examination of clinical specimens from infected humans and …

Many microbial pathogens have evolved a range of capabilities to evade host immune
defense mechanisms and to survive and multiply in host cells. The presence of host …

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome modification has
been applied successfully to create transgenic animals in various species, such as mouse …

Identification of the novel PE multigene family was an unexpected finding of the genomic
sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Presently, the biological role of the PE and …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has infected
approximately two billion individuals worldwide with approximately 9.2 million new cases …

The live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is a potent
innate immune stimulator. In the C57BL/6 mouse model of tuberculosis, BCG vaccination …

Previously, we demonstrated that an experimental smallpox DNA vaccine comprised of four
vaccinia virus genes (4pox) administered by gene gun elicited protective immunity in mice …

Schistosomiasis japonica is an endemic, zoonotic disease of major public health importance
in China where water buffaloes account for approximately 75% of disease transmission …

The leading tuberculosis (TB) vaccines currently in clinical trials are all designed as
prophylactic vaccines. Although these vaccines are highly active, they will most probably not …

The development of efficient vaccines against COVID-19 is an emergent need for global
public health. The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …