The ontogeny of the human immune system is sensitive to nutrition even in the very early
embryo, with both deficiency and excess of macro-and micronutrients being potentially …

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has put millions of people, especially children
at risk of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by pushing them into poverty and disrupting the …

Background Malnutrition continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity among
children in resource limited settings. Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) …

Objective This study aimed to determine total protein, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)
and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in the saliva of rats with stunted …

Impaired immunity is a common symptom of aging and advanced Human Immunodeficiency
Virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. In both diseases, a decline in lymphocytic function and …

Thymus is an important part of the immune system of the paediatric age group. Thymic
lesions are rare causes of anterior mediastinal pathology. Their occurrence in children is …

Bacteria are the predominant organisms in the human microbiome. They can be beneficial
to the host, or they can cause focal and invasive diseases and clinical infections. The …

We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised
thymic tissue (a thymic cyst) in the neck. Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its …

Background Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) affects millions of children, increasing their
risk of dying from infections. Thymus atrophy may be a marker of malnutrition-associated …

Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic
diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing …